Talking about personality patterns, we will find a variety of theories that are very diverse. By referring to posts made by the Education Ministry (2007), below will be described briefly about the patterns of personality as expressed by Elizabeth B. Hurlock (1978) which says that the personality pattern is a union of a multidimensional structure that consists of "self-concept" as the core or center of gravity and personality "traits" as a structure that integrates the tendency of the response patterns.
1. Self-concept (Concept of self)
Self-concept can be interpreted as (a) perceptions, beliefs, feelings, or attitude of a person about himself, (b) the quality of individual attitude about herself, and (c) a system of individual meanings about herself and other people's views about him .
Self-concept has three components, namely: (a) the perceptual or physical self-concept, image seseotang about her appearance (attractiveness of the body or body), such as: beauty, beauty, or elegance body, (b) conceptual or psychological self- concept, the concept of a person of ability (the benefits) and disability (weakness) himself, and his future, and includes quality adjustments to his life: honesty, self-confidence, independence, and courage, and (c) attitudinal, which concerns one's feelings about himself, his attitude to his existence and his future now, his attitude toward keberhargaan, pride, and kepenghinaannya. If someone had entered adulthood, the third component is also associated with the following aspects: beliefs, values, idealita, aspirations, and commitment to his way of life.
Judging from the type, self-concept consists of several types, namely:
The Basic Self-concept. Jane calls it "real-self", ie the concept of a person about himself as such. These include: one's perception of her appearance, ability and inability, the role and status in life, and the values, beliefs, and aspirations.
The transitory self-concept. This means that a person has a "self-concept" that at some point he, holding it, but at other times he let go. "Self-concept" may be fun but also not fun. His condition is very situational, highly influenced by the atmosphere and the feeling (emotion), or past experience.
The Social Self-concept. This species evolved on the basis of how individuals trust others who perceive themselves, either through words or actions. This species is often also described as "mirror image". Example: if to a child is continually saying that he was "naughty" (naughty), then he will develop a concept of himself as a naughty child. The development of one's social self-concept is influenced by the type of social group in which he lives, whether family, school, peers, or society. Jersild said that if a child is accepted, loved, and appreciated by people who mean to him (the first of his parents, and teachers, and friends) then the child will be able to develop an attitude to accept and appreciate themselves. However, if the people who mean (signifant others) that insult, blame, and reject it, then the child will develop attitudes that are not pleasant for himself.
The Ideal Self-concept. The concept of the ideal self is one's perception of what they want about him, or beliefs about what is supposed to be about him. The concept of ideal self-image is related to physical and psikhis. In childhood there is a fairly tenuous discrepancy between ideal self-concept with other self-concept. But the discrepancy can be reduced in line with the development of the child's age (especially if someone has entered the age of adulthood).
2. Traits (Properties)
These traits serve to integrate the habits, attitudes, and skills to the patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. While the concept of self serves to integrate psychological capacities and initiatives activities.
Traits can be interpreted as aspects or dimensions of personality characteristics associated with response or reaction to someone who is relatively consistent (steady) in order to adapt themselves to be typical. Can be interpreted also as a learned tendency to react stimuli from the environment.
Description and definition of traits above illustrates that the traits are learned tendencies to (a) evaluate the situation and (b) reacts to the situation in certain ways.
Any traits has three characteristics: (a) uniqueness, uniqueness in the behavior, (b) likeableness, namely that it is the preferred trait (liked) and there are not liked (disliked), because the traits that contribute to the harmony or disharmony, satisfaction or dissatisfaction of people who have these traits. Traits that groove like: honest, generous, patient, affectionate, caring, and responsible. While that does not favor such as: selfish, rude, careless, vindictive, and cruel / ruthless. One's attitude toward these traits is the result of learning from their social environment, and (c) consistency, meaning that a person is expected to behave or act monotonically.
Similar to "self-concept", "traits" even in its development was influenced by heredity and learning. The factors that most influence are (a) the pattern of parenting, and (b) the imitation of children of people who became his idol. Some of the trait studied in "trial and error", meaning that children learn more by chance, such as aggressive behavior reacts to frustration. For example: children crying, slamming his bedroom door, gara-gara not buy a toy he wanted. If the aggressive act, the parents finally bought a toy the child wants, then the child will tend to repeat such actions. Thus occur in adults to be less confident to others that show behaviors like to protest such "demonstrations" while behaving brutally toward managerial dissatisfaction with the company or demanding higher wages to the company. Demonstrators protesting the brutal manner if in the end met by the company it means this protest will be repeated to intimidate the decision makers.
Children also learn (understand) that the traits or certain basic qualities are highly valued (upheld) by all groups of universal culture, such as: honesty, respect for the rights of others, discipline, responsibility, and appreciative attitude.
